Statement of the Problem
The aggressive exploitation of fossil fuels and other natural resources has contaminated the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we inhabit. Over a million tons of carbon (iv) oxide 3 and other climatically-important “greenhouse” gases have already been accumulated in the atmosphere (Arpin and Veaweb, 2007). Within the course of a relatively short time, the concentration of carbon (iv) oxide, CO2, has increased by 40%, and now exceeds the highest levels in the past 30 years (Sender and Henley, 1998). Carbon (iv) oxide is a major driver of the natural climate as well as biotic processes in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, making possible life on Earth. The problem we now face is that fossil fuel combustion and deforestation have significantly altered the carbon balance of the atmosphere (Trans Engineers Newsletter, 2011) therefore research on carbon sequestration is necessary to reduce the effect of carbon molecules. Collectively, this warming and the extreme events have brought in their wake, such as heat waves, intense storms, forest fires, accompanying melting of mountain glaciers, rising sea level, and erosion of wetlands have damaged natural ecosystems and human health in multiple ways, many of which have yet to be documented, let alone analyzed rigorously. In addition, surface warming, changing precipitation patterns coupled with early melting of snow packs and glaciers, have affected water resources and reduced crop yields.
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